The Visual Dictionary of Typography (affiliate link) is a nice little book that explains 250 concepts in typography, each using a visual example. Dictionary is the wrong title, this is not a reference book, but rather something to browse through and explore. I stumbled on many terms that I have never heard of before. On the other hand, the book also contains some entries that are a bit forced: music for example.
Here are the entries for the letter V to give you an example of the contents:
- Vector
- Vernacular
- Vertical alignment
- Virgule
All in all a nice little book, I would get it in print rather than as an eBook.